變電站自動化系統現狀
變(bian)電(dian)站自(zi)動化(hua)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)實質上(shang)是由多(duo)臺微(wei)機(ji)組成(cheng)的(de)分層分布式控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)(tong)(tong),包括微(wei)機(ji)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)、微(wei)機(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、電(dian)能質量自(zi)動控(kong)(kong)(kong)制等(deng)多(duo)個子(zi)(zi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)各(ge)個子(zi)(zi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中,往往又由多(duo)個智(zhi)能模塊組成(cheng)。例如:在(zai)微(wei)機(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)子(zi)(zi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中,有(you)變(bian)壓器保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、電(dian)容器保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、各(ge)種線路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)等(deng)。因此在(zai)變(bian)電(dian)站自(zi)動化(hua)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)部(bu),需要通(tong)過內(nei)部(bu)數據(ju)通(tong)信(xin),實現(xian)各(ge)子(zi)(zi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)部(bu)和各(ge)子(zi)(zi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)之間的(de)信(xin)息交換和信(xin)息共享,以減(jian)少變(bian)電(dian)站二次設備的(de)重復配(pei)置并簡(jian)化(hua)各(ge)子(zi)(zi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)互(hu)連,既(ji)減(jian)少了重復投資,又提(ti)高了系統(tong)(tong)(tong)整體的(de)穩定性(xing)和可靠性(xing)。
圖表1:變電(dian)站自動化(hua)系統的主要子系統
變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)系統集變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護、測量、監(jian)視(shi)和(he)(he)遠方控制(zhi)(zhi)于一體,替代(dai)了常規的(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護、儀表(biao)、中央信號、遠動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(RTU)等二次設備(bei);通過變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)各種設備(bei)間相互交換信息(xi)、數據(ju)共(gong)享,實(shi)現對變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)行的(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)視(shi)、管理、協調和(he)(he)控制(zhi)(zhi),提(ti)高了變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護和(he)(he)控制(zhi)(zhi)性能,從而(er)改善和(he)(he)提(ti)高了電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)水平;使變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設計合(he)(he)理、布(bu)局緊湊(cou)、運(yun)行安全可靠。更為重要的(de)是變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綜(zong)合(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)的(de)發展(zhan),為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)綜(zong)合(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)的(de)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)深入(ru)提(ti)供了廣(guang)闊的(de)天地。
根據(ju)(ju)前瞻(zhan)產業研究院發布(bu)的(de)(de)《2017-2022年中(zhong)國輸配電設(she)備行業產銷需求與投資(zi)預測分析報(bao)告》數(shu)據(ju)(ju)顯示(shi),截(jie)至到(dao)2016年底,全(quan)國投入(ru)電網(wang)運行的(de)(de)35-110kV變電站約31000余座(不包括用戶變),220kV變電站約有1500座,500kV變電站大約有100座,每年變電站的(de)(de)數(shu)量以3-5座的(de)(de)速度增長。
以國(guo)(guo)家電網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)為例,公(gong)司(si)(si)發布的(de)《“十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)五”規劃》中指出:“十(shi)(shi)三五”期(qi)間(jian),國(guo)(guo)家電網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)還將(jiang)繼續(xu)推(tui)進智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能電網(wang)(wang)和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能變(bian)電站建設,到2020年將(jiang)比“十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)五”期(qi)間(jian)多(duo)建8000多(duo)座智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能變(bian)電站。變(bian)電(換流)容(rong)量在(zai)2020年要達到61億(yi)千伏安(千瓦)(比2015增(zeng)長68%)。不計(ji)入(ru)新(xin)建智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能變(bian)電站投(tou)資(zi),“十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)五”期(qi)間(jian)國(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)僅變(bian)電環節智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化改(gai)造投(tou)資(zi)就達113億(yi)元(yuan)。其中,變(bian)電站智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能化改(gai)造約94億(yi)元(yuan),智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能變(bian)電站集(ji)控中心投(tou)資(zi)近(jin)17億(yi)元(yuan)。
近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來,我國變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)場(chang)保(bao)持著穩(wen)定快速的(de)發展(zhan)勢頭。2007年(nian)(nian)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)模(mo)約(yue)為54.5億元(yuan),到(dao)2016年(nian)(nian)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)模(mo)擴(kuo)大到(dao)約(yue)72億元(yuan),較2007年(nian)(nian)增長32.11%。
圖表2:2007-2016年(nian)變電(dian)站自動化市場規模(單位:億元)
“十三(san)五”變(bian)電自動(dong)化(hua)智能(neng)改造空間達百(bai)億
由于傳(chuan)統繼(ji)電(dian)保護(hu)、變(bian)(bian)電(dian)自動化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統非常分散,無法進行(xing)精(jing)確計算,所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)們采取的(de)方法是先測算傳(chuan)統二次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)的(de)金額,然后(hou)按照一定的(de)溢價(jia)測算智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)二次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)的(de)市場(chang)空(kong)間(jian)。經過測算,如果(guo)按照3500座110KV、220KV、500KV智(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)數(shu)量,那么智(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)二次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)“十三五”期間(jian)的(de)市場(chang)規模(mo)約為96.57億元,年均約20億元。(注:在這里我(wo)們僅對110KV、220KV、500KV智(zhi)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)二次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)的(de)市場(chang)空(kong)間(jian)進行(xing)測算,沒有考慮傳(chuan)統二次(ci)(ci)設(she)備(bei)的(de)市場(chang)規模(mo))。
圖表3:“十(shi)三五”期間傳(chuan)統繼(ji)電(dian)保護、變電(dian)自動化的智能改造市(shi)場(chang)容(rong)量計算(單位(wei):億元)
按照市(shi)場慣例,可將中國(guo)變(bian)電站(zhan)自(zi)動化(hua)分為兩類:一是(shi)電力(li)系統變(bian)電站(zhan)自(zi)動化(hua),二是(shi)廠礦企業變(bian)電站(zhan)自(zi)動化(hua)。
截至到2016年底,全國電(dian)力系統(tong)35kV及以上(shang)(shang)等級(ji)(ji)變電(dian)站(zhan)約有近(jin)(jin)33000余座(zuo),其中只(zhi)有近(jin)(jin)一(yi)半實現(xian)自動化(hua),目(mu)前多數正處(chu)于更(geng)新改造階段(duan)。而(er)每年有上(shang)(shang)千座(zuo)35kV及以上(shang)(shang)等級(ji)(ji)新建變電(dian)站(zhan)投(tou)入(ru)運行,新建變電(dian)站(zhan)基本上(shang)(shang)都采用自動化(hua)系統(tong)模式。
根據電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史規(gui)(gui)(gui)律,結(jie)合(he)當(dang)前國(guo)家及各(ge)級電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)投資(zi)力(li)(li)度,采用移動(dong)(dong)平均外推預測(ce)及時(shi)間序列方(fang)法,預計(ji)未來5年電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動(dong)(dong)化市(shi)場規(gui)(gui)(gui)模每年保持在(zai)60-80億元的(de)擴張。另外,根據廠礦企(qi)業(ye)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動(dong)(dong)化市(shi)場規(gui)(gui)(gui)模相(xiang)當(dang)于電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動(dong)(dong)化市(shi)場總體規(gui)(gui)(gui)模的(de)40%,預計(ji)未來5年廠礦企(qi)業(ye)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站自動(dong)(dong)化的(de)市(shi)場規(gui)(gui)(gui)模每年擴張24-32億元。
(來源(yuan):前瞻產(chan)業(ye)研究院)
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